INDUSTRIALIZATION IN RUSSIA
Industrialization in Russia took 12 –
15 years. Agriculture plays a vital role in industrialization of the Russia in
the mid-18th Century. Russia was still practicing shifting
agriculture in 15th – 16th century;
(i.e. they do not engage in practicing mechanized farming.) they were
practicing shifting cultivation in order to improve the fertility of the soil
so as to produce what will be sufficient for them.
However,
in the early 19th Century the leguminous plants were planted in order to
improve the nutrients of the soil (leguminous plants like soya bean, beans,
vegetables etc) that will enrich the nutrients of the soil so as to produce
other varieties of agricultural produces. The issue of planting leguminous
plants improves their agriculture. With the new development, revenues were
collected from the export
Russia
was defeated in the war that took place in 1852 – 1853; they learnt that it was
because of their in-efficiency that lead to their defeat and plan to improve on
their military might.
With
the development, the Kulaks emerges (they are like the bourgeois); they own
large plots of lands and have large workers.
However, Sergeant Witte
emerged, he was determining to transform Russia and he contrasted roads,
railways airline etc. he makes it easier for foreigners to stay in Russia. He
makes currency reforms in the Russian monetary system; he expanded the little
industries existed already in Russia, he makes roads, airlines so as to have
easy movement of goods especially capital goods, this continues until 1917
until Russia become a communist state and other countries were very harsh to
them. Eventually the 1st World War erupted between 1914 – 1918, also 2nd World
War between …
The interval of the two
Wars is called the inter-war period and it was at that period that
industrialization improved in Russia. They introduce 5years development plan
and in each five years there is a target they want to achieve. The first 5years
development plan was aimed at industrializing Russia in a very short period of
time (The first 5years development plan
started in 1928 – 1932).
Russia builds heavy
industries to produce consumer’s goods, also collectivization of farmers to
produce what was needed in the country and the Kulaks were against it and this
plan fail. There was a great famine as at that time. In 1933 – 1938 the 2nd
development plan was completed and the 3rd Development plan was interrupted in
1939 because of the Second World War.
Russia was in Europe and
other Europeans countries were industrialized but Russia was not; it was
stagnant. After 100years or even more when the Britain was industrialized,
Russia was still in agrarian production dated back to 15th – 16th BC.
Sergeant Witte builds
roads, rails and open borders to other countries. Before 1917, the basis for
industrialization was laid down in Russia.
Russia is an agrarian and peasant society practice up to the 19th
century, practice since medieval period (BC). Their major export was grains;
around 1853 there was a war between British and Russia and Russia was defeated
because of their industrial backwardness. King Alexandra II plays vital role, he makes
attempt to transform Russia.
The peasant farmers
who were working under other farmers were emancipated; they have a liberty so
that they can go and work on their own.
Collectivization –
number of people come together and cultivates a particular land.
The development plan of 1928 – supposed to end on 1933 (but ended in1932) centers on how
capital goods will be produce, the issue of power has to be put into
consideration, communication was improved, they also encourage mining of coal
in order to produce these capital goods, it was not successful because the
world war disrupted the 1st development plan.
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