Friday, June 2, 2017

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN RUSSIA



INDUSTRIALIZATION IN RUSSIA
Industrialization in Russia took 12 – 15 years. Agriculture plays a vital role in industrialization of the Russia in the mid-18th Century. Russia was still practicing shifting agriculture in 15th – 16th century; (i.e. they do not engage in practicing mechanized farming.) they were practicing shifting cultivation in order to improve the fertility of the soil so as to produce what will be sufficient for them.
            However, in the early 19th Century the leguminous plants were planted in order to improve the nutrients of the soil (leguminous plants like soya bean, beans, vegetables etc) that will enrich the nutrients of the soil so as to produce other varieties of agricultural produces. The issue of planting leguminous plants improves their agriculture. With the new development, revenues were collected from the export
            Russia was defeated in the war that took place in 1852 – 1853; they learnt that it was because of their in-efficiency that lead to their defeat and plan to improve on their military might.
            With the development, the Kulaks emerges (they are like the bourgeois); they own large plots of lands and have large workers.
However, Sergeant Witte emerged, he was determining to transform Russia and he contrasted roads, railways airline etc. he makes it easier for foreigners to stay in Russia. He makes currency reforms in the Russian monetary system; he expanded the little industries existed already in Russia, he makes roads, airlines so as to have easy movement of goods especially capital goods, this continues until 1917 until Russia become a communist state and other countries were very harsh to them. Eventually the 1st World War erupted between 1914 – 1918, also 2nd World War between …
The interval of the two Wars is called the inter-war period and it was at that period that industrialization improved in Russia. They introduce 5years development plan and in each five years there is a target they want to achieve. The first 5years development plan was aimed at industrializing Russia in a very short period of time (The first 5years development plan started in 1928 – 1932).
Russia builds heavy industries to produce consumer’s goods, also collectivization of farmers to produce what was needed in the country and the Kulaks were against it and this plan fail. There was a great famine as at that time. In 1933 – 1938 the 2nd development plan was completed and the 3rd Development plan was interrupted in 1939 because of the Second World War.
Russia was in Europe and other Europeans countries were industrialized but Russia was not; it was stagnant. After 100years or even more when the Britain was industrialized, Russia was still in agrarian production dated back to 15th – 16th BC.
Sergeant Witte builds roads, rails and open borders to other countries. Before 1917, the basis for industrialization was laid down in Russia.
Russia is an agrarian and peasant society practice up to the 19th century, practice since medieval period (BC). Their major export was grains; around 1853 there was a war between British and Russia and Russia was defeated because of their industrial backwardness. King Alexandra II plays vital role, he makes attempt to transform Russia.
            The peasant farmers who were working under other farmers were emancipated; they have a liberty so that they can go and work on their own.
            Collectivization – number of people come together and cultivates a particular land.
            The development plan of 1928 – supposed to end on 1933 (but ended in1932) centers on how capital goods will be produce, the issue of power has to be put into consideration, communication was improved, they also encourage mining of coal in order to produce these capital goods, it was not successful because the world war disrupted the 1st development plan.

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